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Fragrance Guide · 2026

Fragrance Notes & the Scent Pyramid Explained

Quick Answer

Fragrance notes are the individual scents that make up a perfume, organised into a pyramid: top notes (first 15–30 minutes), heart/middle notes (2–4 hours, the core character), and base notes (the long-lasting dry-down). A perfume smells different over time as each layer reveals itself.

Top notes — the first impression

Top notes are what you smell immediately after spraying. They're light, volatile molecules — citrus (bergamot, lemon), light fruits, fresh herbs and aromatics — that evaporate within 15–30 minutes. They sell the fragrance in store but aren't what you'll wear all day.

Heart notes — the core

As the top notes fade, the heart (or middle) notes emerge and form the main character of the fragrance for the next 2–4 hours. These are typically florals (rose, jasmine), spices (saffron, cardamom) and fruits — the personality of the scent.

Base notes — the dry-down

Base notes are the heavy, long-lasting molecules that anchor a fragrance and linger for 6+ hours: oud, amber, vanilla, musk, sandalwood, patchouli and leather. They give a perfume its depth, warmth and tenacity, and are what people smell when they get close to you hours later.

Why this matters when buying

Always test a fragrance on skin and wait for the dry-down before judging it — the base is what you'll actually wear most of the day. The opening you smell on a blotter is the least representative part. Our note explorer lets you find fragrances built around any note you love.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

What are top, heart and base notes?
Top notes are the first impression (15–30 min), heart notes are the core character (2–4 hours), and base notes are the long-lasting dry-down (6+ hours). Together they form the fragrance pyramid.
Why does my perfume smell different after a while?
Because fragrance unfolds in layers. The light top notes evaporate first, then the heart notes emerge, and finally the heavy base notes dominate the dry-down — so the scent evolves over several hours.

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